Mene ne System Unit?

System Unit shine mazubin kayan kwamfuta ko kuma muce wani gidane na karfe da ake zuba kayan da kwamfuta take bukata ta tashi ta yi aiki da kuma sarrafa data. Shi wannan gida shine ya kunshi dukkan abin da kwamfuta take bukata ta yi aiki. System Unit mutane da dama sun fi sanin shi da CPU wanda hakan kuskure ne domin CPU dayane daga cikin kayayyakin da ake samu a cikin System Unit wanda kuma shi CPU shine kusan kwakwalwar kwamfuta.

Akwai abubuwa da dama da suke cikin System Unit wadansu daga cikin wadannan abubuwan ba yadda za ayi kwamfuta ta tashi idan babu su, wasu kuma suna kara taimakawa ita kwamfutar ne wajen ta kara kuzari ko kuma taimakawa wajen yin wani aikin na daban.

A cikin System Unit akwai abubuwa da dama wadanda suka haka da CPU ko a kira shi Processor, sannan akwai Memory, da Expansion Slot, da Ports da kuma Connectors. Sannan kuma dukkanin abin da za ka gani a cikin System Unit to ana hada su a jikin wani shinfidadden allo da ake kira da Motherboard ko kuma a kira shi da System Board. Shi motherboard wani shifidadden allo ne da ya yi kama da injin talabijin wanda kuma kamar yadda muka san injin talabijin tarin wayoyi ne da kuma kana nan batira da ake kira da chips da kuma kananan kondocto da ake kira da semiconductors a Turance. Amma kuma abin da ya fi kowanne muhimmanci a jikin motherboard shine chips din da ake kira processing unit ko kuma ace bangaren da yake sarrafa bayanai.

Central Processing Unit (CPU) ko Processor

CPU ko kuma a kira shi da Processor wani lokaci ma shi ake kira da kwakwalwar kwamfuta aikin da yake yi shine ya ke kasancewa mai fashin baki da fassara ga dukkan abin da yake faruwa a cikin kwamfuta. Iya kar abin da za a iya maka misali shine mutumin da ya je kasar da ba sa jin yarensa kuma shi baya jin yarensu dole yana bukatar tafinta wannan tafintan shi ke jin yarenshi kuma yana jin yarensu. Idan yayi magana shi ne zai fassara musu idan sun yi magana shi ne zai fassara mishi. To, abin da yake fassarawa Kwamfuta abin da ke faruwa tsakanin dukkanin hardware da software da ke jikin ta shine processor ko kuma CPU. Saboda haka dukkan wadannan hardware da suke hade da ita kwamfuta suna samun taimakon CPU ne domin su gabatar da ayyukan su.

To kamar yadda mutane suke iya ganin CPU ko processor wani dan karamin karfe-roba-roba ne wanda yake dauke da kananan conductors wadanda su suke yin wannan aiki. To shi wannan processor an kasashi kashi uku, wato dunkulallen processor guda amma kuma a cikin sa an ware masa bangarori guda uku wadannan bangarori kowa da abin da yake jira ya ji ya shigo yayi aikin da ya dace da shi.

Su wadannan bangarori wani baya shiga aikin wani sannan kuma kowannen su aikin da yake yi wani bangaren ba zai iya ba. Sannan kuma dukkansu za su iya yin aiki a lokaci guda domin biyawa ita kwamfuta bukatarta domin kai mai amfani da ita ka yi aiki ba tare da ka samu wata matsala. An kasa CPU gida uku wanda suka hada da

• Control Unit
• ALU (Asthmatics/Logic Unit)
• Register

Wadannan sune bangarori guda uku da ake samu a cikin processor ko kuma CPU wanda zamu yi cikakken bayanin aikin kowane daya daga ciki.

Control Unit (Dakin sarrafa abubuwa)

Control Unit daya ne daga cikin gidajen da ake samu a cikin CPU kuma yana da dakuna guda hudu. Amma kuma aikin da Control Unit yake yi a dunkule shine shi ke daukar ragamar gudanar da kusan rabin dabin CPU ya ke yi a cikin kwamfuta. Amma kuma idan muka dauki wadannan dakuna guda hudu da muka yi magana Control unit yana da dakuna da ake sarrafa data kamar haka

• Karbo umarni ko kuma data daga cikin memorin CPU
• Sarrafawa da kuma yin tafinta ga ita kwamfutar yadda zata fahimci sakon da aka dauko daga memory
• Gabatar da umarnin kamar yadda ake son ayi shi
• Ajiyewa ko kuma rubutawa memory sakamakon abin da aka gabatar na umarni

Wadannan ayyuka da ake gabatarwa a cikin wadannan dakuna na control unit shi ake kira da yadda machine ya ke rayuwa wato machine cycle a turance. Yadda kuwa wannan dakunan suke yin aikin yayi kama da aikin gona daga shuka zuwa sarrafata a ci.

Dakin da yake karbar ko dibo umarni ko data daga cikin memorin CPU shi dakin farko da yake jira da zarar yaji an taba wani maballi ko mouse a jikin kwamfuta sai ya karbi wannan signal da ya ji ya kuma rike ta sannan sai ya aika daki na gaba. Shi kuma wannan daki na gaba shine yake sarrafawa da kuma yin tafinta ga ita kwamfutar yadda zata fahimci sakon da aka dauko daga memory, wato a wannan dakin kawai ake fassarawa ita kwamfutar wannan signal zuwa machine language wato yaren da machine yake fahimta. To a lokacin da ita kwamfutar ta fahimci wannan sako tunda an fassara mata a wannan daki sai ta aika da shi daki na gaba. Wannan daki na uku su kuma da zarar wannan sako ya shigo sai kawai su gabatar da shi, abin da kuma ake nufi fa gabatar da sakon shine a fitowa da kai mai amfani da kwamfuta ka ga abin da kake yi. Daga nan bayan bayanan sun bayyana a gare ka sai daki na hudu wanda shi kuma shine zai ajiye wannan aiki a cikin memory na CPU ko kuma ya ajiye shi.

Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU)

Wannan shima wani gida ne daga cikin gidajen CPU wanda shi kuma yana aiki ko kuma yana da dakuna guda uku ne, amma shi banbancin dakunan sa da na Control Unit shi ba yana aikawa da sako daga wannan daki zuwa daki na gaba bane. Shi ALU dakunan sa suna aiki mabanbanta ne, dakunan guda uku ne.

• Dakin yin lissafi (Arithmetic)
• Dakin kimantawa tsakanin abu biyu ko fiye (Comparison)
• Dakin lura da dabarbaru (logic)

Dakin yin Lissafi (Arithmetic)

Wannan shine daki na farko a cikin dakunan gidan ALU wanda shi yake lura da dukkan wani abu da ake bukatar kwamfuta ta yi na lissafta abubuwa kamar hadawa (addition) ko dibewa (minus) ko kuma maimaitawa (multiply) ko kuma rabawa (subtract). To duk wani abu da ake bukatar kwamfuta tayi wanda ya shafi daya daga cikin wannan bangaren to dakin lissafi shi zai yi.

Dakin Kimantawa tsakanin abu biyu ko fiye (Comparison)

Wannan daki ne na biyu daga cikin dakunan ALU wanda aikin da ake yi a cikin shi shine ya rika duba abu guda biyu da ko fiye da ake son a banbance su. Misali duk abin da ake son kwamfuta ta buba su ta fitar da guda daya daga ciki a sakamakon rashin zama daidai, ko kuma daya yafi daya ko kuma wadanda suka yi daidai da juna to wannan dakin shi zai yi. Kamar yadda kuma sani a ilimin lissafi akwai abin da muke cewa greater than wato a duba abu aga wannan yafi girma, sannan akwai less than a duba abu aga wane ya fi kankanta, sannan kuma akwai equal to a duba abu aga wanne abu ne yayi daidai. To wannan shine aikin da wannan gida ya ke yi.

Dakin Lura da Dabarbaru (Logic)

Shi kuwa wannan daki na uku aikin da yake yi shine ya yi amfani da duk wani abu da ake bukatar a duba shi ta hanyar amfani da lissafi na dabara kamar idan an sami abu kaza amma kuma aka samu kaza to ya bayar da amsa kaza, ko kuma ya duba ko akwai abi guda biyu zuwa uku wannen ne akwai abu kaza a ciki ko babu. To duk lissafin da yake bukatar sai an yi dabara wajen bayar da amsar shi to wannan dakin shi ke da wannan hakki.

Registers

Wannan gida shi bashi da wani daki domin shi aikin da yake yi shine ya rike wadannan abubuwa da processor yake yi na wucin gadi. A lokacin da processor ko CPU yake dauko data daga cikin memory ta yana zaune ne tamfirare a cikin rijista. Haka lokacin da yake sake zagaye sauran dakunan cikin Control Unit kafin amsa ta bayyana yana rike ne a cikin registers na CPU. Haka sauran gidajen ALU duk wadannan lissafin a lokacin da kwamfuta ke sarrafa su kafin su bayar da amsa to suna ajiye ne a cikin shi wannan registers.

Saboda haka wannan dan karamin karfe-roba-roban abu wanda ake kira da CPU yana da mutukar muhimmanci a jikin kwamfuta ko kuma motherboard kasancewar duk abin da kwamfuta take yi bata wuce wadannan abubuwa guda uku.

Banbance-banbancen Processor ko CPU

Shi wannan processor da muka yi bayani akan shi ana samun shi ne a jikin kwamfutoci kirar Personal Computer wato irin wadannan kwamfutocin da muke ganinsu a ko’ina (duba darasin banbance-banbancen kwamfutoci). To su irin wadannan kwamfutocin processor da ya ke jikinsu ana kiranshi da Microprocessor domin shi wannan processor an gina shi ne akan amfani da lambobi a farkon lokacin da kamfanin Intel suna kirkiro shi. Amma yanzu ana auna karfinsa da kuma darajarsa ta hanyar amfani da Pentium Processor.

Processor da kamfanin Intel su ke yi mai tsarin fasahar MMX an gina shine ta hanyar da zai iya sarrafa hotuna masu motsi da kuma sauti cikin kuzari da armashi ba tare da an sami makewa ba ko kuma tsayawar kwamfuta ba.

Kodayake akwai wadansu kamfanoni da ba Intel ba wadanda suke yin processor wanda suke da armashi da kuma karfi wajen sarrafa data cikin hanzari. Kamar kamfani Motorola shima yana yin processor wanda ake amfani da shi a cikin kwamfutar da kamfanin Apple suke yi wanda suka yi amfani da shi a kwamfuta mai suna Apple Macintosh da kuma Power Macintosh. Sannan kuma akwai Alpha Microprocessor wanda kamfanin Digital Equipment su ke yi kodayake su wadannan microprocessor an fi amfani da a kwamfutoci kirar Workstations da kuma Computer Servers.

Memory ko Storage

A cikin System Unit ana samun Memory ko kuma da hausa mu ce mazu bi ko wurin ajiya iri har uku, kowanne daya daga ciki yana aiki irin wanda aka tsara zai yi. Su wadannan ma’ajiyar da ke cikin System Unit ana amfani da su wajen ajiyar abubuwa a cikin kwamfuta kamar Data da kuma umarnin da ke sarrafa kwamfuta da kuma bayanai. Haka shi kanshi manhaja wato Operating System da duk wani software ko kuma application da suke cikin kwamfuta ana ajiyarsu a cikin daya da cikin wadannan memory guda uku.
Saboda haka su wadannan memory dukkansu kamar yadda muka fara bayani daga farko cewar ana ajiyar abubuwa a cikinsu, to kuma yana da kyau mutane su fahimci yadda wadannan mazubai suke da kuma yadda suke yin aiki.
RAM (Random Access Memory)
RAM ko kuma cikakken sunan na nufin Random Access Memory wani mazubi ne da processor ke amfani da shi ya karanta abin da ke cikinsa ko ya rubuta abu a cikinsa. Shi RAM turawana na kiranshi da Volatile Memory wato mazubi wanda yake rike abin da ke cikinsa a sakamakon wutan lantarki da ke cikinsa. Idan aka kashe wutar da ke cikin kwamfuta to duk abin da RAM ya diba to zai fita kenan.

A nan yana da kyau muyi wa mutanen hakika nin aiki da RAM yake yi a cikin kwamfuta. Duk lokacin da mutum ya kunna kwamfuta da zarar kwamfutar ta fara tashi idan kana amfani da Manhajar Microsoft ne wato Windows Operating System to daga lokacin da kwamfutar ta nuna maka windows misali windows XP ko windows 7 da dai makamantansu, to wadannan manhajar za ta fito daga cikin Hard Disk din kwamfutar su loda kansu a jikin RAM din haka idan ka bude wani software ko kuma application to dukkansu suna zama ne a jikin RAM. Shi yasa tun farko idan babu RAM a jikin kwamfuta ba ta tashi, domin duk wani abu da zai yi aiki a cikin kwamfuta sai ya dora kansa a jikin RAM. Shi yasa idan mutum yana aiki a cikin wani software kamar Microsoft Word ko CorelDraw ko kuma irin su Excel a daidai lokacin da kake yin aiki to duk abin da kake yi yana zauna ne a jikin RAM shi yasa duk kwamfutar da ake aiki da ita sai aka dauke wuta kuma babu UPS to sai kaga mutum ya rasa aiki.

Shi yasa iya girman RAM da ke cikin kwamfuta iya yawan program da mutum zai iya budewa a lokaci guda.

A halin yanzu ana da RAM iri biyu ne wanda aka fi sani da DRAM (Dynamic RAM) da kuma SRAM (Static RAM). Duk lokacin da mutum ya ji ana maganar RAM na kwamfuta to ana magana ne da DRAM wanda shi wannan DRAM din ake samun sa a cikin kwamfutoci naka (PC). SDRAM wanda ciakken sunan yake Synchronous Dynamic Ram ya fi DRAM sauri domin an hada tafiyarsa ko kuma saurinsa da agogon da ke cikin kwamfuta. Sannan kuma akwai RDRAM wanda cikakken sunan shi ke nufin Rambus Dynamic RAM shi kuma ya fi SDRAM saurin da kuma karfin dauka abubuwa. Sannan kuma a yanzu mafi yawancin kwamfutocin da ake samu a yanzu suna zuwa da DDR SDRAM wanda cikakken sunan ke nufin Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic RAM wanda wani lokaci ake kira da SDRAM II ko kuma DDR 2. Shi wannan irin ram na SDRAM II ya fi dukkansu karfi da kuma sauri wane dauka da kuma bayyanar da DATA a cikinsa.

Shi kuwa Static RAM ba daya yake da DRAM ba domin si SRAM mazubi ne na musamman wanda aya banbanta da kuma yana yi aikin shi da DRAM domin na sarko dai shi wannan SRAM ko Static RAM yana da matuƙar tsada kasancewar yadda aka tsarashi ya sha banban da DRAM. Da farko dai shi ya SRAM ya fi dukkan wani irin DRAM kowane irin ne sauri domin shi ana samun resistor daga hudu zuwa shida wanda shi DRAM ana samun Resistor guda ne da capacitor guda. Sannan kuma duk da shima Volatile Memory ne amma kuma shi ba kodawane lokaci bane abin da ke cikin suke fita yana iya ajiyar abu a cikinshi na tsawon lokaci ba kamar yadda DRAM yake ba duk lokacin da aka kashe kwamfuta to idan ta sake tashi sai.

Mene ne banbanci tsakanin Static Ram da kuma Dynamic Ram?

Kwamfutarka tana amfani da dukkanin wadannan RAM din guda biyu a kuma lokaci guda, amma kuma tana amfani da su ne domin dalilai mabanbanta kasancewar yanayin tsada. Idan mutum ya fahimci banbancin da ke tsakanin SRAM da kuma DRAM shi da kansa zai gane dalilin da ya sa aka kira wannan da Static wancan kuma aka kira shi da Dynamic da kuma dalilin tsadar Static RAM.

Dynamic RAM kamar yadda muka yi bayani a baya cewar kusan shine mazubin na memory da aka amfani da shi a wannan lokaci.

Amma kuma idan ba mun warware zare da abawa akan yadda aka kirkiresu ba ne ba zamu fahimci darasin sosai ba. A cikin DRAM akwai abin da muke kira da Chips wadanda su ne suke yin aiki a cikinsa. Kowane daya daga cikin wannan Chips din yana rike bit daya ne na data wanda ya hada abubuwa guda biyu transistor da kuma capacitor kamar yadda muka fara bayani a baya. Babu shakka wadannan Chips wanda muka ce resistor ne da capacitor kanana ne matuƙa ta yadda za a iya samun chips masu dinbin yawa wanda za a same su a cikin Ram guda daya. Shi wannan capacitor shi ke rike dukkanin bayanai da suka shiga cikin ram ta hanyar 0 da 1 kamar yadda bayani zai zo akan yadda kwamfuta take ganin abu a cikinta. Shi kuwa transistor yana matsayin makunna ne da yake lura da kuma sarrafi shi wancan capasitor ta hanyar sake rubuta ko kuma goge abin da ke cikinsa.

Shi capasitor kamar wani karamin bokiti ne da yake iya ajiyar electrons. Idan aka ce an sami 1 a cikin memory to wannan bokitin ya kika da electrons din fal. Idan kuma aka zuba masa 0 to ya zama babu komai a cikinsa. To matsalar bokitin capasitor fasasshe ne ko kuma muce ya huje saboda haka a sakamakon wannan hujewar da wannan bokitin yayi sai ya kasance kafin dakika guda (milliseconds) duk abin da ke cikin wannan bokitin ya zube. A sakamakon haka, dole ya zama wajibi ga CPU ko kuma Memory Controller su shigo ciki domin barin wannan bokitai su zama babu komai matsala ne dole a nemo wani abu da zai rika kwarfe electrons din nan yana sake mayar da su cikin wannan bokitin. Saboda haka, shi memory controller abin da ya ke yi duk data da ta shiga cikin memory ko capasitor sai ya kwafe ta yadda da zarar ta zube sai ya mayar da ita. Wannan zubewa da kuma kwarfewa da mayar da shi cikin capasitor yasa ake kiran wannan Ram da suna Dynamic kuma wannan zubewar da kwafewar da kuma mayarwar tana faruwa sama da dubunnai kafin dakika guda. Saboda haka idan ba wai hakan tana faruwa ba to duk abin da DRAM ya samu zai manta, amma kuma kasancewar wannan abu da ake saka mishi yana zubewa ana kuma sake kwarfoshi a mayar ya sanya cewar dole ya kasance bashi da saurin aiki.

Shi kuwa Static RAM yana amfani da fasaha ta daban. Shi SRAM an yi mishi zubi da tsari na Flip-Flop wanda ya ke rike kowane bit daya. Shi Flip-Flop na memory ana samun transistors guda 4 zuwa 6 tare da wasu wayoyi, amma kuma shi bokitisa ba bulalle bane, saboda haka kenan ba koda wane lokaci yake bukatar ya warware kansa ba. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa SRAM yafi DRAM sauri, kasancewar shi SRAM yana iya bayar da sarari mai yawa wanda Dynamic RAM. Wannan kuma shine dalilin da ya sa Static RAM yake da tsada.

Yadda Computer take ganin abu a cikinta (Data Representation)

Mafi yawancin Computer Digital ce, haka na nufin cewar bata fahimtar komai illa ta hanyayoyi guda biyu, kunnawa da kashewa (on/off), su kuwa waɗannan hanyoyi suna bijiro wa ita computer ne ta lambobi guda biyu 0 (sufuli) da kuma 1 (ɗaya). Shi 0 yana nufin kashewa, ita kuma 1 tana nufin kunnawa. Wato ita na’ura duk abin da yake cikinta tana fahimtarshi ne da wannan lambobi guda biyu, babu wani yare da ita na’ura take fahimta illa abin da ya bayyana a gareta na 0 da

1. Saboda haka, matsayin kunawa da kashewa a wajen na’uran ana kiran shi da bit (an takaita shi cikakken sunan shi ne Binary Digit), shi kuma digit shi ne mafi ƙanƙantar abu da na’ura za ta iya riƙewa na data. Idan aka samu ɗigo na bit har guda takwas (8 bits) a dunƙule su ne suke zama byte ɗaya (1 byte). Shi kuwa byte guda zai iya wakiltar abu guda 256 wanda suka haɗa da harrufa da lambobi da alamomi da makamantansu.

Cakuɗuwar 0s (da yawa) da 1s (da yawa) su ne suke wakiltar wani abu na data wanda ake kira da suna coding scheme (tsarin fassara wa na’ura rubutu ko data). ma’ana a lokacin da ka rubuta harafin 1 a jikin Microsoft Word ita na’urar ba ta gane cewar 1 a ka rubuta sai idan processor ya shigar da latsawar da ka yi wa keyboard a lokacin sai yaga 00110010, ganin hakan sai ya ɗauko harafin 1 ya nuna maka a jikin Monitor. Haka idan ka rubuta babban harafin M abin da take iya gani shi ne 01001101. Mafi shahara daga irin tsare-tsare na fassara wa computer rubutu (coding scheme) sun haɗa ASCII da EBCDIC da Unicode.

ASCII: Yana nufin American Standard Code for Information Interchange, wannan tsari am fi amfani da shi wajen fassarawa na’ura yadda za ta gane data. Ana yawan yin amfani da shi a Personal Computers da kuma Minicomputers.

EBCDIC: Wanda yake nufin Extended Binary Code Decimal Interchange Code, ana amfani da wannan tsari kawai a Mainframe Computers ne.

Unicode: Shi kuma tsari ne da yake baka dama ka rubuta tsarin fassara wa computer da kowane irin yare na duniya. Wato wanda ya fahimci Unicode zai iya rubuta program da yarensa kuma Computer ta fahimci yaren.

Saboda haka, ɗan Adam yana iya yin magana da Digital Computer da take karɓar saƙo daga tsarin bit ta hanyar amfani da ASCII coding scheme. Yadda abin yake a duk lokacin da ka latsa wani maɓalli a jikin keyboard, sigina ta wutar lantarkin tana canzawa zuwa binary ta yadda ita computer za ta gane wani harafin da aka latsa sannan ta ajiyeshi a cikin memory.

Dukkanin wani harafi da aka latsa a jikin maɓallin keyboard farkon abin da yake faruwa shi ne ya canza wannan sigina na lantarki zuwa irin byte nashi. Sai ita na’urar ta sarrafa shi data ɗin ta hanyar bytes wacce take amfani da hanyar kunnawa da kashewa on/off. Lokacin da wannan na’ura ta gama sarrafa wannan harafi sai ta sake canzasu zuwa lamba ko kuma harafi sannan ta fitar da shi a jikin monitor ko kuma ta yi maka printing. Yadda computer take ganin wasu harufa a lokacin da ake rubuta su a jikin ta. wato misalin duk lokacin da Computer ta ji alamar 01001101 to sai ta gane cewar an taɓa maɓallin M a jikin keyboard saboda haka sai ta ɗauko hoton M a memory nata sai ta saka a jikin Monitor, haka duk rubutun da za ka yi ajiki kowane irin abune, kamar waya da makamantansu ita na’urar abin da take gani shi ne 0 da 1 kai kuma kana ganin hotunan harrufa da kake taɓawa.

PORT

Port wuri ne da yake baka damar haɗa kayan computer da suke wajen system unit kamar printer da scanner da makamantansu. To shi ramin da ake haɗa wannan wayar da ta fito daga jikin shi wancan hardware zuwa jikin system unit shi ake kira da port, kodayake wajen da ake haɗa waɗannan hardware sun kasu kashi biyu.

1. Serial Port
2. Parallel Port

Serial Port

Shi serial port ɗaya ne daga cikin port da ake haɗa kayan computer da system unit amma ana amfani da serial port a irin kayan computer waɗanda ba sa buƙatar sauri wajen isar da saƙo ko kuma fitar da saƙo. Domin serial port yana aika wa da saƙon data ɗaya ne a kowanne daƙiƙa ɗaya. Kayayyakin da suke zuwa da mahaɗa irin ta serial port su ne mouse da keyboard da kuma modem. Sannan serial port yana amfani da RS-232 ko RS422 wanda shi ke tabbatar da yawan haƙora da yake da shi, kusan serial port da ake amfani da su guda biyu male 25-pin (mai hakora 25) da kuma male 9-pin (mai hakora 9)
Ba kamar serial port ba, shi parallel port mahaɗa ce da za ta iya turo da saƙon data fiye da bit ɗaya a daƙiƙa ɗaya, dalilin ƙirƙiran paralle port shi ne domin magance matsala da za a iya samu a wajen kayan hardware da suke buƙatar sauri wajen isar da saƙo.

Parallel Port

Mafi yawancin Printer da ake da su suna amfani da mahaɗar Parallel port ne, wanda ya ke da zubin hakora 25 (famale 25-pin). Shi parallel port yana iya karɓa ko aiko da saƙo da ya kai bit 8 a kowane daƙiƙa ta layi guda takwas a lokaci guda. Wani lokaci ana kiran Parallel Port da Centronics bayan da kamfanin da suka fara ƙirƙiran shi su ka fitar da tsari da kuma dalilai da yasa computer za ta samu alaka tsakaninta da printer. Kamar Serial Port su ma Parallel sun kasu kashi biyu, akwai Parallel port da ake kira da EPP (Enhanced Parallel Port) da kuma ECP (Extended Capabilities Port) suna amfani da mahaɗa irin ta Centronics port, amma sun fi centronics port saurin aika wa da data har sau goma.
Ci gaba a fitowa ta gaba.