Smartphone ko kuma kace wayoyin-komai-da-ruwanki kamar yadda malamina Mal. Abdullahi Salihu Abubakar Baban Sadik ke fassarawa wayoyi ne kirar selula (cellular telephone) wacce aka hada ta da kwamfuta a wurin yin aki da wadansu karin aikace aikace da aka san wayoyin hannu a dabi’ance basa yi. Misali kamar saka mata babbar manhaja (Operating System), da manhajar shiga internet (browser) da kuma karfinta wurin amfani da manyan manhajojin da kwamfuta aka sani a dabi’a suke yi.
Smartphone ta farko ita ce IBM’s Simon, wacce suka gabatar da ita ba a matsayin wayar yan kasuwa ba a wani buki na baje kolin kayan kwamfuta a shekarar 1992 mai suna COMDEX Computer Trade Show.
Ita wannan wayar ta IBM’s Simon a lokacin tana iya aikawa da imel da faks, tana kuma iya ajiyar kwanan wata da bayanan alkawuran mutum bayan iya kira da aikawa da sakon kar ta kwana.
Karawa kayan lantarki na taimakon dan adam a aikace-aikacensa na yau da kullum (Personal Digital Assitants – PDA) a karni na 21 lokacin da irin wadannan kayan lantarki na PalmPilot aka kara mata fasahar Wireless domin samun shiga intanet shi ya canza komai.
A shekarar 1996 kamfanin Nokia da HP suka sanyawa PDA dinsu damar kiran waya da kuma saka musu babar manhaja ta farko (OSes) da kuma damar shiga Intanet ta hanyar amfani da Browser.
A tsakiyar shekarar 2000 kamfani Blackberry ya fito da cikakkiyar wayar farko da aka kira ta da Smartphone a kasuwa dalilin haka yasa wayar ta shahara a Duniya baki daya.
A shekarar 2007 kamfanin LG ya fito da tashi wayar mai suna Prada sannan duk a wannan shekarar kamfanin Apple ya fito da tashi mai suna iPhone, wacce ita ce Smartphone ta farko dake da tsarin taba fuska ba maballi. Bayan shekara guda kamfanin HTC ya fitar da shima tashi smartphone din wacce ta fara zuwa da Babbar Manhajar Android na Google.
Daga cikin manyan cigaban da aka samu wurin kirkirar wayoyin komai-da-ruwanki wanda tarihi ba zai manta ba ya hada da wacce kamfanin Sony ya fitar mai suna Xperia Z5 Premuim wacce take zuwa da tsarin daukar hoto mafi girma a waya a wancan lokacin da take daukar hoto 4K a shekarar 2015.
Samuwar Wi-Fi da LTE shima cigaba ne a duniyar smartphone a cikin wadannan shekarun wanda ya taimaka wurin samun saurin musayar bayanai ga masu amfani da su.
Banbancin Cellphone da SmartPhone
Cellphone ko ka kirata da selula wayar hannuce da ba a hadata da igiyar waya (irin wayoyin da), wacce take ba mai ita damar kira da amsa waya, wani lokaci kuma ka iya aikawa da sakon karta kwana na rubutu.
Ita smartphone tana da karin abubuwa masu yawa da kuma muhimmanci, kamar samuwar web browser, manhajojin aikin yau da kullum da kuma babbar manhaja ta waya (Mobile OS). Kari a kan haka ita wayar smartphone tana da tsarin fahimtar yatsun mutum da fuskarsa (biometric), zaka iya yin video chat, sannan kuma ta baka damar gabatar da abubuwan ka na yau da kullum da ma wadansu kari akan haka.
Muhimman Abubuwan da mallaka
Daga cikin abin da wayar smartphone take da shi mai muhimmanci shine damar shiga dakin ajiyar manhajoji na manyan kamfanoni kirkiran manhajoji wato App Store.
Shi app store rumbun ajiyar manhajojin waya ne da mutum zai iya shiga ya bincika kowace irin manhaja ce ya kuma sauke ta a wayarsa. Ana samun manhajoji domin yin aikace-aikacen yau da kullum, kamar na yin rubutu, ko gyaran sauti, ko nadar magana ko wasanni da dai makamantansu.
Abubawan da zamu jero a kasa wasu daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da smartphone ta ke zuwa tare da su.
- Bada damar shiga intanet
- Browser ta waya
- Bada damar amfani da imel fiye da guda a waya guda.
- Wurin ajiya dake kan wayar
- Abin rubuta irin na kwamfuta mai tsarin QWERTY
- Damar haduwa da wadansu na’urori ba tare da hadawa da igiyar waya ba.
- Damar saukar da manhajoji da girke su, kuma su yi aiki a karan kansu
- Damar daura wadansu manhajoji masu zaman kansu
- Bada damar aiki da manhajajo masu yawa a lokaci guda.
- Damar taba fuska ta fahimci me aka taba (touchscreen).
- Wi-Fi
- Na’urar daukan daskararren hoto da hotuna masu motsi.
- Dama yin wasanni (games)
- Aikawa da sakonni
- Amfani da na’urar GPS – (Global Positioning System)
Har ila yau smartphone tana iya amfani da wadansu na’urori da ba a jikinta suke ba domin karawa mai amfani da ita kara jin dadin tafiyar da ita. Misali zaka iya hada ta da Headphone mai Bluetooth, amfani da cajar waya ta daban, amfani da speaker.
Kasancewarta tana iya faduwa fuskarta ta fashe, mutane kan siya robar kariya domin maganin faduwa da fashewa.
Saboda kodawane lokaci smartphone tana amfani da babbar Manhaja da kananan manhajoji yasa ake ganin sababbin gyare-gyare kodawane lokaci (software update).
Manyan dillalai da kamfanoni smartphones
Manyan kamfanonin da suke kirkirar Babbar Manhajar waya (Mobile OSes) suna Apple iOS da Google Android, Microsoft Windows Phone da BlackBerry 10. Kodayake kamfanin BlackBerry yace zai de na yin wannan babbar Manhaja ta cikin shekarar 2019.
Kamfanonin da sukafi shahara wurin kirkirar wayoyin smartphone suna hada da Apple da Samsung da Huawei da LG da Lenove da Motorola da Oppo da sauransu. Kamfanin Apple shi kadai ne kawai a cikin wadannan kamfanoni da yake kirkirar na’urarsa ta iPhone kuma yayi mata babbar manhaja ta iOS amma duk sauran kamfanonin wayoyin suna yin wayoyin ne sai su daura musu manhajojin Android.
Abin da aka fi yi da ita
Mutane da dama suna amfani da wannan wayar ta smartphone domin musayar bayanai tare da ‘yan uwa da abokanan arzuka a kafafen sada zumunta.
Shafukan sada zumunta irin su Facebook da Instagram da Twitter da LinkedIn duk duna da manhajoji masu zaman kansu na wayoyi wanda ake iya saukarwa a app store ayi amfani da su a wayoyin smartphone. Irin wadannan manhajoji suna ba mai amfani da su saukin musayar bayanai da suka shafeshi cikin sauki, tare da hadawa da hotuna.
Wata manhajar da ake aiki da ita a wayar smartphone da ake samunsu wayoyi suna na lura da lafiyar mutane. Misalin manhaja ta ‘The Health’ manhaja ce da ake amfani da ita a wayoyin kirar iPhone wanda suke lura da lafiyar mutum, tun daga yanayin barcinsa, abincin da yake ci da makamantansu.
Haka ana iya amfani da na’urorin daurawa a hannu irin wadanda ake kira da smartwatches sannan a hadasu da wayar smartphone domin a duba lafiyar mutum wanda ya hada da yanayin bugun zuciya sai ya aiko da bayanan zuwa ga wayar mutum domin ganin halin da mutum yake ciki.
Biyan kudade ta wayoyin hannu na smartphone da daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi shahara wurin sarrafa smartphone, ana amfani da hanyoyi mabanbanta wurin yin siyayya a intanet.
Amfanin Smartphone a masana’antu
Blackberry ita ce wayar farko da kamfanoni suka karba hannu bibbiyu har suka siya suka baiwa ma’aikatansu domin su rika amfani da su domin aikawa da sakonni da bayanai ga abokanan huldansu, mun yi haka ne saboda karfin da ita wayar take da shi wurin tsaro da rashin sanin me ake aikawa da shi daga gareta.
Kwararru a harkokin Kimiyyar Kera-Kere IT Professional suna bada shawarar amfani da wayoyin smartphone ga ma’aikata domin gabatar da ayyukansu.
